Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest

Author:

Hart, Patrick J., Freed, Leonard A.

Title:

Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest

Periodical:

Auk

Year:

2003

Volume:

120

Pages:

82-95

Subject:

Hawaii Akepa Loxops coccineus Endangered species birds Foraging behavior Hawaii Creeper Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge

Summary:

Mixed-species flocks of native and introduced birds were studied for four years in an upper elevation Hawaiian rain forest. This article provides the first formal documentation of the structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in Hawaii in an area that may contain the most intact native forest bird community, (in terms of species richness and abundance). Here an attempt was made to associate the apparent lack of both flocks and predators as circumstantial evidence in support of the predator avoidance hypothesis for flocking.

Label:

Birds - General

URL:

http://cletus.uhh.hawaii.edu:2074/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120%5B0082:SADOMF%5D2.0.CO;2

Date:

2003

Collection:

Periodicals