Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest
- Author:
-
Hart, Patrick J., Freed, Leonard A.
- Title:
- Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest
- Periodical:
- Auk
- Year:
- 2003
- Volume:
- 120
- Pages:
- 82-95
- Subject:
-
Hawaii Akepa
Loxops coccineus
Endangered species birds
Foraging behavior
Hawaii Creeper
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
- Summary:
- Mixed-species flocks of native and introduced birds were studied for four years in an upper elevation Hawaiian rain forest. This article provides the first formal documentation of the structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in Hawaii in an area that may contain the most intact native forest bird community, (in terms of species richness and abundance). Here an attempt was made to associate the apparent lack of both flocks and predators as circumstantial evidence in support of the predator avoidance hypothesis for flocking.
- Label:
- Birds - General
- URL:
- http://cletus.uhh.hawaii.edu:2074/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120%5B0082:SADOMF%5D2.0.CO;2
- Date:
- 2003
- Collection:
- Periodicals