The word kapu gives us the English “taboo.” The kapu system reflects the somewhat secondary role of women in Hawaiian society. In the hierarchy of the gods, a scheme of restrictions and “forbiddens” was evolved to be applied, variously, to all humans. Some kapu restrictions were observed regularly, such as certain fruits or meats being forbidden to women. Other restraints applied to certain intervals of time such as seasons, moon phases, menstrual periods, the annual makahiki, and so on. The kapu also related to the council or assembly of the great chiefs, a social phenomenon demanding silence and quiet respect from all people nearby. Some words coined by the Hawaiians provided for the imposition of a kapu. Other words refer to the breaking, or more properly, the releasing of the kapu. Penalties for breaking the more rigid kapu were severe, with death not an unusual end for the victim or offender. The philosophy of the kapu was of deep significance in the lives of the people. Fundamentally, the system imposed great restraint upon their freedoms as individuals, under threat of penalty. It also provided the dimensions of social relationships serving the needs of the times. ʻaʻe. To break a taboo, violate the law. ʻaʻe ku. To break a law or taboo deliberately. ʻahi. Albacore or yellowfin tuna, fish forbidden to women. (CMH.) ʻai kapu. Rule against men and women eating together in observance of the kapu system. Words which mean release from kapu include ʻainoa, ʻaipūhiʻu, pūhiʻu. ʻaīkū, ʻaiā. To be ungodly in practice; to break a kapu; rejection of Hawaiʻiʻs gods. ʻainoa. To eat; released from kapu. ʻai pūhiʻu. Released from an eating kapu. alahula. Road made along a pali (cliff) traveled by residents but forbidden to strangers. ʻāmama. The kapu is lifted; it is flown away! ʻānoho. Sitting kapu. aualiʻi. Kapu sacred to Kama, ancient chief of Maui. O ka noe kolo aualiʻi kapu o Kama, this small fine rain of the mountains mixed with the thicker of the forest, sacred to Kama. (A.)