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1. n., Bottom, base, foundation, basis, title (as to land), main stalk of a tree, trunk, handle, root (in arithmetic); basic; hereditary, fundamental.

• Examples:
  • Mai ke kumu ā ka wēlau, from trunk to tip [all, entirely].
• Related:
  • Kumupali, base foot of a cliff.
  • ʻIke kumu, basic, fundamental knowledge.
  • Aliʻi kumu, hereditary chief.
  • Alanui kumu, main street.
  • ʻAuikumu, nominative case.
  • Kumu kāhili, staff of a kāhili.
  • Kumu nalu, source of waves, as where surfing starts.
• References:
  • PPN tumu .

2. n., Teacher, tutor, manual, primer, model, pattern.

• Related:
  • Kumu alakaʻi, guide, model, example.
  • Kaʻu kumu, my teacher.
  • Kumu hoʻohālike, pattern, example, model.
  • Kumu hula, hula teacher.
  • Kumu kuʻi, boxing teacher.
  • Kumu kula, school teacher.
  • Kumu leo mele, song book.
  • Kumu mua, first primer.

3. n., Beginning, source, origin; starting point of plaiting.

• Related:
  • hoʻokumu Caus/sim.; To make a beginning, originate, create, commence, establish, inaugurate, initiate, institute, found, start.

4. n., Reason, cause, goal, justification, motive, grounds, purpose, object, why.

• Examples:
  • Kumu no ka ʻoki male, grounds for divorce.
  • Kumu ʻole, without reason or cause.
  • He aha ke kumu i ʻeha ai kou wāwae? What is the reason for your foot hurting?

5. n., An article bought, sold or exchanged; price.

• Examples:
  • Kumu lilo, price paid, cost.
  • Kumu loaʻa, selling price.
• References:
  • Cf. kumu kūʻai.

6. n., Herd, flock.

• References:
  • Cf. kumu hipa, kumu pipi.

7. n., Tenon (RSV), socket (KJV).

• References:
  • Puk. 26.19.

1. n., Goatfish (Parupeneus porphyreus 🌐). The stages of growth are kolokolopā, ʻahuluhulu, kūmū aʻe, and the adult kūmū.

2. vs., Good-looking, handsome, especially of a sweetheart.

• Source:
  • Modern slang

3. n., A variety of red-stalked taro; varieties are qualified by the terms ʻeleʻele, kea, kū loa poni, ʻulaʻula, welo-welo lā.

kikino, Cause.

• Source:
  • Existing dictionary word
• Related:
  • Kānāwai kumu. Common law.
• References:
  • See other entries for kumu and hopena.

kikino, End of a sporting field or court.

• Source:
  • Existing dictionary word, Extended meaning
• Related:
  • Also: poʻo.
  • Laina kumu. End line. Also: laina poʻo.
• References:
  • Cf. iwi.

• Related:
  • Hua helu kumu. Counting number, in math.
  • Kōkua helu kumu hoʻohui pālima. Base-five counting piece.
  • Pepa makaʻaha kumu hoʻohui pāʻumi. Base-ten grid paper.

1. s., The bottom or foundation of a thing, as the bottom of a tree or plant, but not the roots; as, kumu laau, the bottom of a tree; kumu maia, banana stumps for planting; the stump of a tree; the stalk or stem of plants; the but end of a log, &c.; hence,

2. s., The beginning of a thing, as work or business.

3. s., The foundation, that is, the producing cause.

4. s., An example; a pattern; a copy; kumu hoohalike, a pattern; a model. Puk. 25:9. A socket. Puk. 26:19.

5. s., A fountain of water.

6. s., The price of a thing, or the property to be given for a valuable.

7. s., The property to be paid for hire. NOTE.—Formerly all trade among Hawaiians consisted of barter, and the price of a thing was not a cash price, but one article became the kumu of another if it could be exchanged for it.

8. s., A shoal of fish; a flock; a herd; kumu puaa, a herd of swine; kumu hipa, a flock of sheep.

9. s., Civil power; legal authority. NOTE. The word mana, out of its ancient and legitimate meaning, has lately been used for power or legal authority.

10. s., A teacher; an instructor from the highest to the lowest class, including the ministers of religion.

(11. s., A cough; a hard breathing; a pestilence; he mai ahulau, he mai kumu, he aheahe; this is a vicious pronunciation for kunu. See KUNU.) Kumu ole, without cause. Ioan. 15:25. Kumu mua, elements of things. 2 Pet. 3:10.

12. s., A species of fish of a red color, forbidden to women to eat by the ancient kapus.

1. v., To begin or commence a work; to make an experiment.

2. Hookumu. v., To found; to lay a foundation.

1. n., The bottom or foundation of a thing, as the bottom of a tree or plant, but not the roots; as, kumu laau, the bottom of a tree; kumu maia, banana stumps for planting; the stump of a tree; the stalk or stem of plants; the butt end of a log, etc.; hence,

2. n., The beginning of a thing, as work or business.

3. n., The foundation, that is, the producing business.

4. n., Teacher.

5. n., Pattern; a model.

6. n., A first cause; origin; place of beginning; fountain head.

7. n., An article of traffic by exchange. (Formerly all trade among Hawaiians consisted of barter, and the price of a thing was not a cash price, but one article became the kumu of another if it could be exchanged for it.)

8. n., A great multitude in a common herd, as: kumu puaa, herd of swine.

9. n., That part of an instrument which when used is held in the hand.

n., A variety of goat fish (Pseudupeneus porphyreus)—Color, rich rosy red on back and top of head; paler on side with broken marks along center of scales. Formerly forbidden to women to eat.

v., See hookumu.

foundation. Land section, Kau, Hawaii.