1. “An ahupuaa has been called the ʻunit’ of land in this country; but it is by no means a measure of area, for ahupuaas vary exceedingly as to size. Many ahupuaas are divided into ilis; other ahupuaas have no ilis in them, as for instance, Kualoa and Waimanalo on this island Oahu.” Harris v. Carter, 6 Haw. 195, 206 (1877). 2. “Ahupuaa means ʻa land division usually extending from the uplands to the sea.’” McBryde Sugar Co. v. Robinson, 54 Haw. 174, 177, n.3 (1973) (citations omitted). 3. “The unit of land was the ahupuaa, usually running from the mountain to the sea.” Territory v. Bishop Trust Co., Ltd., 41 Haw. 358, 361 (1956). 4. “Use of the term ahupuaa is misleading unless it is borne in mind that this term is used sometimes in the sense of a land subdivision smaller than a district, and sometimes in the sense of a tract of land held by the king or a chief as a unit under the feudal system then obtaining.” State v. Midkiff, 49 Haw. 456, 464 (1966). 5. “While theoretically an ahupuaa ran from the sea to the summit of the mountain, in order that the natives might share in all the different products of the forest, soil and sea, in actual practice, particularly on the island of Hawaii, the ordinary ahupuaa did not run to the top of the mountain but only to or into the zone of timber land, being cut off from the top of the mountain by the larger ahupuaas” (citations omitted). State v. Midkiff, 49 Haw. 456, 464, n.l (1966). 6. “The unit of land, so to speak, seems to have been the ahupuaa. Its name is derived from the ahu or altar (literally, pile, kuahu being the specific term for altar) which was erected at the point where the boundary of the land was intersected by the main road, alaloa, which circumferented each of the islands. Upon this altar at the annual progress of the akua makahiki (Year-God) was deposited the tax paid by the land whose boundary it marked, and also an image of a hog, puaa, carved out of kukui wood and stained with red ochre. How long this was left on the altar I do not know, but from this came the name, ahupuaa, of the pile of stones, which title was given also to the division of land marked thereby.” (CJL) 7. Subdivision within a mokuʻāina, kalana or ʻokana (SMK). 8. One of the smaller divisions of a kalana or district, made up of several ʻili, small districts, and under the care of a head man; the ahu or altar upon which the tax levied on the ahupua ʻa was laid; also used as a landmark (AP). 9. Land division from the uplands to the sea (PE).